Stability of the equilibrium of the "athlete-barbell" system during execution of various types of the barbell squat

The barbell squat is one of the most popular exercises used in the strength training of athletes across various sports. When performing this movement, the stability of the "athlete-barbell" system is crucial, as a loss of balance can lead to serious injuries. The purpose of the study is to assess the degree of stability of the "athlete-barbell" system equilibrium in various types of barbell squats (on the shoulders and on the chest) among athletes of different skill levels. Research methods and organization. The experiments involved athletes of low qualification, as well as high-level powerlifters and weightlifters. Photo and video recording were used, along with biomechanical modeling through the computer program 'Powerlifting Biomechanics.' Testing and methods of mathematical statistics were employed. Research results and conclusions. It has been established that athletes of both low and high skill levels exhibit virtually the same degree of balance stability of the "athlete-barbell" system in the sagittal plane when performing both variations of the barbell squat. The balance stability of the "athlete-barbell" system in the forward direction is significantly lower than in the backward direction for all athletes in both variations of the barbell squat. This circumstance increases the likelihood of the athlete falling forward when performing barbell squats, especially if the barbell is heavy. In this regard, when performing barbell squats, it is recommended to use additional spotting and/or reduce the barbell weight for athletes whose forward stability angle is close to the critical value.