Approach to: Syncope

Syncope, the transient and abrupt loss of consciousness with spontaneous recovery, is estimated to make up 1% of all emergency department presentations in Canada. (1) Syncopal cases are enigmatic as patients frequently present themselves as fully recovered from the episode, even though its etiology can still be present and life-threatening. It is up to the clinician to conduct a strong history, physical exam and the appropriate follow-up investigations to confirm a diagnosis. This Approach To article aims to provide an overview and step-wise approach to diagnosing and managing a syncopal presentation.