Advancements in digital biosensing technologies for precision aquaculture management: A comprehensive review

The rapid increase in the global population has placed immense pressure on the aquaculture industry, which has become increasingly advanced owing to the increasing demand for fish as a primary protein source. In response to this advancement, there is a pressing need for the digitalization of detection mechanisms in aquaculture. This review provides a thorough summary of the various biosensors employed in the field, focusing on their applications in detecting contaminants in fish feed, monitoring water quality, assessing fish freshness, and identifying adulterants used in the fish industry to prolong shelf life. This study emphasizes the importance of adopting digital technologies to enhance the effectiveness and precision of aquaculture identification. With their capacity to provide accurate and real-time monitoring, biosensors, which are the subject of this review, offer a viable path toward accomplishing this digital transition. Biosensors are essential for ensuring the safety and quality of fish products intended for human consumption; therefore, their significance extends beyond simple detection. Most importantly, this study clarified the potential health risks to humans that could arise from pollutants and adulterants found in aquaculture products. It highlights the need to understand the consequences of consuming contaminated fish and how these toxins may enter the human body. In addition to sophisticated detection technologies, addressing these dangers requires a comprehensive understanding of their implications for public health.