Asymmetrical paravertebral muscles fibrosis causes progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis via myostatin signalling in fibro-adipogenic progenitors

This study identified asymmetric, myostatin-driven fibrosis in PVMs as a key contributor to AIS pathogenesis. Therapeutic inhibition of myostatin or SMAD3 significantly reduced spinal deformity and muscle fibrosis in bipedal mouse models, suggesting the potential for using myostatin-targeting agents to slow or prevent scoliosis progression in patients with AIS.