Effects of TNF-α Inhibitors on Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Endothelial Function in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review

TNF-alpha inhibitors may offer vascular benefits in PsA by attenuating subclinical atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation. However, their effects on endothelial function remain unclear. Further large-scale, controlled, and long-term studies are warranted to confirm their cardioprotective role and define their impact on clinical cardiovascular outcomes in PsA patients.