A Comparative Assessment of Three Intraorifice Materials in Enhancing the Durability of Endodontically Treated Roots

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with three intraorifice barrier materials: bulk-fill flowable composite, Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement, and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Material and methods: A total of 45 freshly extracted, single-rooted mandibular premolars with similar canal morphology were selected. After cleaning, shaping, and obturation using the Protaper Universal rotary system and F3 gutta-percha, the coronal 3 mm of root filling material was removed and replaced with one of the test materials. Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin with elastomeric material to simulate the periodontal ligament, and crowns were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction. The samples were then divided into three groups (n = 15 each): 1. Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement group: Light-cured after placement. 2. Bulk-fill flowable composite group: Bonded with self-etch adhesive and light-cured. 3. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate group: Hand-condensed into the space and allowed to set. All specimens were stored at 37°C in 100% humidity for complete setting for seven days. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine, with compressive force applied vertically at 1 mm/min until fracture occurred. Data were recorded in Newtons (N). Statistical analysis was conducted using one- way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). The Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement group had the highest fracture resistance, followed by bulk-fill composite, while Mineral Trioxide Aggregate exhibited the lowest values.