Application of Photocatalytic Nanoparticles for the Degradation of Dairy Industry Wastewater

This study investigates the efficiency of Fe-doped, Ag-doped, and Fe-Ag codoped TiO₂ nanoparticles for the treatment of cheese industry wastewater. The synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, structural stability, and photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. These modified TiO₂ materials were applied to a mixture of dairy effluents (whey and white water) to reduce both organic pollutants and inorganic ions.