THE IMPACT OF SPORTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREGNANCY AND THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD CONSIDERING THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH IN TERMS OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

Background: Regular physical activity and exercise during pregnancy, in the absence of contraindications, is recommended and recognized as safe and beneficial for both the mother and the developing fetus. However, contact sports, where the risk of injury is significantly higher, should be avoided. The peripartum period is considered a significant risk factor for the development of mental health issues, particularly postpartum depression (PPD). Aim: This review first presents aspects of the changes in physiology in the mother and fetus. Then the risks and contraindications are discussed, and the various forms of activity are briefly described about their safety, including pelvic-floor muscle exercises and their impact on the course of labor as well as recovery afterwards. Material and methods: Studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews with quantifiable or qualitative sports and physical activity during pregnancy data. Results: There is now plenty of evidence for the beneficial effects of moderate exercise during pregnancy, even in previously inactive women. Conclusions: Exercise can help reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and cesarean section, while preventing excessive weight gain especially in obese patients. A reduced incidence of postpartum depression has been associated with returning to physical exercise and sports after pregnancy.