Sustainability of peri-urban, small-scale horticultural systems in central Mexico

Mexico is the ninth-largest producer of vegetables worldwide. The predominant horticultural production systems (HPS) are based on monocultures and intensive use of agrochemicals, damaging the environment, and farmers and consumers health. Sustainability and agroecological transition have become a priority for science and policy agendas. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of small-scale peri-urban HPS located in two municipalities in central Mexico, applying the MESMIS methodological framework. Participatory workshops were held to identify critical points, from which 18 indicators were defined. Information to measure indicators was obtained through a face-to-face survey applied to farmers. Most indicators did not significantly differ between HPS in both municipalities. However, one of the municipalities presented greater crop losses, but with higher yields and profitability. Indicators related to pesticide toxicity had medium values. Indicators with the lowest values were implementation of innovations, number of land uses and relation with markets, related to the attributes of self-sufficiency and equity, within the social dimension. Community and local social organizations are crucial for several attributes, but intersectoral collaborations need to be strengthened along with technical advice and support. The continuity of the evaluation process would allow research on demand, according to local needs, and consolidate dialogues.