Comparative Study of Bone Grafts vs. Bone Substitutes in Jaw Reconstructive Techniques

Abstract Jaw reconstruction is a critical procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery, often necessitated by trauma, tumors, or congenital defects. This study aims to compare the efficacy, biocompatibility, and clinical outcomes of bone grafts and bone substitutes in jaw reconstructive techniques. A systematic review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case series published between 2018 and 2023. The findings suggest that while autogenous bone grafts remain the gold standard due to their osteogenic properties, bone substitutes such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate offer promising alternatives with fewer donor site complications. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the advantages, limitations, and future directions for both modalities.