Adaptive leadership in AI-driven transformation of higher education institutions in Malaysia

Despite the rapid development and use of AI in higher education (HE) delivery, a persistent leadership gap underscores the imbalance between educators’ AI capabilities and the readiness of HE institutions, including Malaysia. Drawing on a synthesis of literature concerning digital transformation, organisational culture, and AI in decision-making, we present a conceptual model for the ‘AI-Ready Academic Leader’. Drawing on a synthesis of studies between 2019 and 2025, the paper develops a three-pillar Adaptive Leadership Framework—diagnosing the adaptive challenge, mobilising the system, and cultivating agile governance. To translate the conceptual pillars into actionable leadership practices applicable to Malaysia, a competency framework is proposed to cultivate institutional resilience in the face of algorithmic disruption. The paper provides recommendations for effectively adopting the framework in the Malaysian context, highlighting the need to be sensitive to hierarchical cultural norms, diverse stakeholder expectations, and alignment with national digital aspirations. The implications for institutional policy, faculty development, and the future of higher education governance are discussed in detail, offering a roadmap for educators aiming to thrive in an increasingly automated world.