KEY CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' SMART INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS MANAGEMENT: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract Developing countries are increasingly integrating smart infrastructure into their urban environments, aiming to leverage technology for economic growth, social improvement, and environmental sustainability. However, this transition is hindered by a multitude of cybersecurity challenges that threaten the integrity and effectiveness of these smart systems. The significance of addressing these challenges is underscored by the potential consequences of cyberattacks, which can lead to economic instability, data privacy violations, and disruptions in essential public services. As such, the topic is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and citizens alike, who seek to harness the benefits of smart technologies while safeguarding against emerging threats. This study was based on narrative review research concept; thus, this study purposely examines the key cybersecurity challenges for developing countries' smart infrastructure assets through critical evaluation and interpretation of current and relevant academic, industry, business, and institutional literature resources via various databases, case studies, and government catalogue. Thus, out of 55 initially selected to conduct this study, only 32 were included, evaluated and analysed. The study findings revealed that one of the primary hurdles faced by developing nations is the lack of robust regulatory frameworks governing data security and privacy, which leaves citizens vulnerable to misuse of personal information and exploitation by external entities. Financial constraints further exacerbate the situation, as many governments struggle to invest in adequate cybersecurity measures, relying on outdated technologies that fail to protect against sophisticated cyber threats. Compounding these issues is a critical shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals, which limits the capacity of these nations to respond effectively to cyber incidents and manage their digital infrastructure. Additionally, the dependence on foreign technology solutions introduces further risks, as local governments often lack control over critical infrastructure and may be ill-equipped to implement localized security measures tailored to their specific needs. As smart infrastructure continues to evolve, the management of vast amounts of data collected from various connected devices raises significant concerns about unauthorized surveillance and data manipulation, highlighting the need for stronger governance and oversight mechanisms to protect citizens' rights. In summary, the interplay of inadequate regulatory frameworks, resource limitations, talent shortages, and reliance on foreign technology poses significant cybersecurity challenges for developing countries' smart infrastructure assets. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential not only for the sustainable growth of smart cities but also for ensuring the safety and privacy of citizens in an increasingly digital world.