Comparison of Debris Extrusion during Root Canal Instrumentation Using a Rotary and a Reciprocating Motion Instrument: An in Vitro Study

Abstract To compare the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal instrumentation using the Endogal system with two types of motion (rotary and reciprocating) in comparison with R-Motion and One Curve. Sixty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) according to the instrumentation system: Endogal (rotary motion), Endogal (reciprocating motion), R-Motion, and One Curve. Each instrument was used five times. Debris extrusion was assessed based on the experimental model reported by Myers and Montgomery (1991), and statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Dunn’s post hoc test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). The results showed that the Endogal system in rotary motion generated a greater amount of extruded debris compared to One Curve and the same system in reciprocating motion (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were found between the reciprocating systems evaluated (R-Motion and Endogal reciprocating), nor between One Curve and R-Motion. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the amount of extruded debris across the five uses of each system. This investigation concluded that the amount of apically extruded debris varies according to the design and motion of the instrumentation system. The Endogal system in rotary motion extruded significantly more debris compared to One Curve (rotary). Instrument´s reuse did not affect debris extrusion under the conditions of this study.