Optimization and Dynamic TRNSYS modeling study of a solar collector with nanofluid under the weather of salé

This work presents a TRNSYS simulation model for three model of collectors: a conventional flat plate solar collector (FPC), an evacuated tube (ETC) collector, and a hybrid PV thermal (PVT) collector. A comparison between these systems was conducted under two different weather conditions and various mass flow rates (0.5 to 2 kg/min). The study also investigated the use of black iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance thermal efficiency. The results showed that the FPC performed better under sunny weather, while the PVT collector demonstrated higher performance on cloudy days, achieving an efficiency of 96%. Additionally, using nanofluid as the heat transfer fluid caused the outlet temperature to rise by approximately 10°C for the two conventional configurations and 6°C for the PVT collector.