A Study on Tobacco Induced Oral Cavity Diseases

Abstract Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity globally and is strongly associated with a wide spectrum of oral cavity diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and severity of tobacco‑induced oral lesions among individuals attending the dental outpatient department of a District Government Hospital in Karimnagar. A prospective observational study was conducted among 150 patients with a history of either smoking or smokeless tobacco use. Data were collected using a structured Tobacco Assessment Form (TAF), including demographic details, type and duration of tobacco exposure, and findings from systematic oral examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using Two‑Way ANOVA. The major oral conditions identified included oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) (30%), periodontitis (23.34%), oral carcinoma (20%), smoker’s palate (13.34%), leukoplakia (10%), and erythroplakia (3.4%). OSMF was more prevalent among males (80%) than females (20%). Smoking was more common (57.34%) than chewing tobacco (51%). Two‑Way ANOVA revealed that both the type of tobacco product and mode of use significantly influenced oral disease occurrence (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates a strong association between tobacco consumption and potentially malignant and malignant disorders of the oral cavity. Early detection, community‑based screening, and intensified tobacco cessation programs are essential to reduce disease progression and improve oral health outcomes. Keywords Tobacco, Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Smoking, Chewing Tobacco, Oral Carcinoma, Periodontitis, Epidemiology.