Numerical simulation and optimization of a CO2 absorption tower using solution absorption method for capture

The solution absorption method is one of the commonly used approaches in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage. The performance and operating parameters of the absorption tower significantly affect CO2 capture efficiency. This study investigated the impact of various input parameters and tower structure on carbon capture efficiency. Findings reveal that among variations in inlet temperatures for both gas and liquid phases, adjusting the absorbent liquid temperature markedly influences capture efficiency, while changes in flue gas inlet temperature have minimal impact. Observing gas-liquid velocity variations shows that reducing both velocities generally increases CO2 capture efficiency; however, for MEA solutions, further reduction below 0.5 m/s leads to decreased efficiency. Additionally, a 10 % CO2 concentration is more easily captured than higher concentrations. Research on packing layer structural characteristics indicates that porosity changes produce opposing effects, with an optimal porosity level of 36 %. Increasing tower height also enhances absorption capacity, with calculations identifying 7 m as the optimal height.