Recent progress in scaling up promising electrochemical technologies

Scaling up electrochemical technologies is key to industrial adoption. Mature processes like chlor-alkali and alumina electrolysis continue evolving to address environmental concerns. Recent commercial advances include water electrolysis and hydrogen fuel cells, though efficiency improvements are needed for profitability. Most emerging technologies face challenges in stability, reproducibility, and operability under real-world conditions. Environmental treatments remain limited to demonstration scale, while CO₂ electroreduction and organic electrosynthesis are still in early development. However, growing pressure to reduce emissions and replace fossil fuels is accelerating interest in e-fuels and electro-organic production. This review highlights recent progress and key barriers in scaling electrochemical technologies toward full-scale industrial implementation.