Gut microbiota dysbiosis affects the local renin-angiotensin system to induce osteoporosis

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota leads to osteoporosis by enhancing the activity of the local renin-angiotensin system in bones. Upregulation of ERK1/2 and RANKL, along with inflammatory responses, collectively drive bone loss. AT2R may be a potential therapeutic target. These findings highlight the role of the gut-bone axis and suggest that targeted therapeutic approaches should be further investigated.