TSO: Matter–Antimatter Asymmetry from Time–Space Oscillation Dynamics

TSO: Matter–Antimatter Asymmetry from Time–Space Oscillation Dynamics The observed dominance of matter over antimatter in the universe remains one of the key unsolved problems in cosmology and particle physics. Conventional explanations based on Standard Model CP violation, leptogenesis, and Affleck--Dine mechanisms are insufficient to account for the measured baryon-to-photon ratio. This work explores the Time--Space Oscillation (TSO) framework, in which fundamental particles are treated as intrinsic temporal-spatial oscillators, and shows how phase dynamics and emergent composite structures can naturally generate matter--antimatter asymmetry. The manuscript develops a formal model, discusses emergent quark-like and hadronic structures, and outlines concrete, falsifiable predictions for laboratory and cosmological tests. This approach provides a minimal and testable alternative to conventional baryogenesis mechanisms. For readers new to the Time–Space Oscillation framework, a structured overview of the four foundational TSO conceptual papers is available in “Time Space Oscillations. Introduction papers” (Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1767154). This companion document summarises the core principles of TSO —TSO concept, Time dilation and Gravity equivalence, TSO & EM, TSO & QM—and provides direct links to the full manuscripts. It serves as the recommended starting point for understanding how the present photon model fits into the broader TSO structure. For an overview of related work and publications, visit:https://ndl1971.github.io/time-space-oscillations/