Review of material and energy balance techniques for optimized biogas production in biomethanation plants

This review mentions material and energy balance methods in biomethanation plants to increase the efficiency of converting organic waste into biogas. It intends to optimize energy inputs and outputs by using key parameters, including feedstock composition, operational conditions, and system design. Important facts involve maintaining a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 20:1–30:1, optimal moisture content, and particle size for feedstock. Operational parameters like temperature (35–40°C), pH (6.8–7.2), mixing intensity and retention time are essential. Energy inputs include operational energy, feedstock production, pre-treatment, and heating. Outputs cover biogas production, electricity and heat generation by integrated heat and power (CHP) systems, and digestate utilization as fertilizer. Environmental effects involve greenhouse gas reduction by capturing methane and generating renewable energy. Article underscores the importance of balancing these elements to get a positive energy balance and elevate sustainable biomethane production. • Role of material and energy balance in optimizing biomethanation processes. • Analysis of operational parameters, feedstock properties, and energy flows. • Advancements in energy balance for enhanced biomethanation efficiency. • Supports global renewable energy and sustainability goals.