Performance Analysis of Nontoxic CsSnI ₂ Br-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Insights from SCAPS-1D Simulations

The instability of organic–inorganic perovskites under conditions of heat, light, or moisture combined with the presence of carcinogenic lead has prompted researchers to investigate alternative lead-free, all-inorganic perovskite materials as potential absorbers for the advancement of stable and efficient perovskite solar cells. In this investigation, SCAPS-1D is employed to evaluate the photovoltaic performance of all-inorganic, lead-free CsSnI2Br-based perovskite solar cells. A number of physical parameters including absorber thickness, absorber and interfacial defect density, and acceptor concentration are needed for the cell configuration: FTO/WS2/CsSnI2Br/Cu2O has been optimized for achieving the maximum performance for CsSnI2Br-based perovskite solar cells. The study also evaluates how parasitic resistance elements including series resistance and shunt resistance, together with temperature changes and metal work function, influence the performance of CsSnI2Br-based perovskite solar cells. The impact of operating temperature on the device performance suggested that the device exhibits maximum efficiency at lower temperatures. The optimum absorber and interfacial defect density were determined to be 1013 cm–3. Higher values of shunt resistance and a lower value of series resistance were found to be effective for achieving the maximum performance for CsSnI2Br-based perovskite solar cells. The optimized device exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 32.09%, open-circuit voltage of 1.20 V, short-circuit current density of 30.89 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 85.99%. The present study shows that CsSnI2Br perovskite solar cells exhibit promising photovoltaic performance, providing useful insights for the photovoltaic industry in the preparation of low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly cesium-based perovskite solar cells.