Underground Nests and Foraging Activity of Invasive Conehead Termites (Nasutitermes corniger; Blattodea: Termitidae)

Across their wide geographic range (Neotropics, and as invasives in New Guinea and Florida), <i>Nasutitermes corniger</i> (conehead termites) live primarily above the ground surface. They build arboreal nests and foraging tunnels, or epigeal nests and tunnels on the ground surface. There are brief reports of below-ground portions of <i>N. corniger</i> nests and foraging tunnels as rare occurrences of structures extending underground. The entirely and partially underground nests and foraging tunnels described in this paper are distinct and novel from previous observations. They are based on multiple discoveries in areas of Broward County, Florida, where invasive conehead termite activity below ground is common. This paper expands understanding of habitat options for this ecologically agile, adaptable, economically important species. It also serves to alert inspectors in invasive termite eradication programs or pest management situations to explore cryptic locations where nests of all sizes may hide. Effective approaches for treating underground <i>N. corniger</i> activities are described.