Comparing Herbal Medicines & 0.12% Chlorhexidine for Periodontitis Management: Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Outcomes

Abstract Periodontitis is a ubiquitous and irreversible inflammatory condition of the periodontium caused by the infection of a periodontal pocket arising from the accumulation of sub-gingival plaque. Periodontitis also affects the supporting structures of the teeth (the gingiva, bone, and periodontal ligament), which could lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Severe periodontitis affects over 11% of adults and is a major cause of tooth loss, negatively impacting speech, nutrition, quality of life, and self-esteem, and has systemic inflammatory consequences. Periodontitis is preventable and treatment leads to reduced rates of tooth loss and improved quality of life. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the most widely and commonly used anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agents. It is available in different formulations. Chlorhexidine has been used as a broad-spectrum antiseptic since the 1950s. However, it has side effects like dry mouth (xerostomia), altered taste sensations (hypogeusia), specifically salt and bitter, and a discolored or coated tongue. Due to this, herbal alternatives are being explored as they prevent gingival and periodontal diseases due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties. Various parts of medicinal plants help maintain periodontal health. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ficus religiosa, and Plantago, etc effectively inhibit primary plaque colonizers and periodontal pathogens. This article compares the effectivity of 0.12% Chlorhexidine and herbal medicinal extracts on periodontitis.