Adoption of Sustainability-Related Technology and Practice in Denim Manufacturing: A TOE Framework Approach

The objective of this research is to systematically document, analyze, and interpret the adoption of sustainability-related technologies and practices, including reductions in chemical use, improved water and energy management, and the incorporation of recycled materials in denim manufacturing. Data collection occurred over a two-year period from January 2023 to December 2024, employing multiple qualitative methods, including direct observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, to ensure triangulation and enhance reliability. Data analysis followed thematic analysis guidelines, where initial coding categorized raw data into descriptive codes linked to the (TOE) framework dimensions. The study found that adopting sustainability-oriented technologies and practices within the denim manufacturing factory significantly reduced chemical and water consumption, improved workplace safety, and enhanced compliance and market competitiveness. This study broadens the TOE framework by integrating cost-saving and competitive-advantage outcomes as mediating mechanisms linking sustainability adoption with firm performance.