Investigating the Barriers and Enablers to Data-Sharing Behaviors: A Qualitative Registered Report

“Data sharing” describes the process of making research data available for reuse. The availability of research data is the basis of transparent, effective research systems that democratize access to knowledge and advance discovery. Despite a broad recognition of the value of data sharing across the sector, many researchers are not yet engaging meaningfully with data-sharing behaviors. Through a behavioral lens, in this qualitative Registered Report, we aimed to identify the barriers and enablers to data sharing experienced by researchers working at a UK university. Data were collected using a theoretically informed 26-item interview schedule (capability, opportunity, motivation–behavior [COM-B] model; theoretical-domains framework [TDF]). Fourteen participants across a range of career levels and disciplines were recruited to take part in semistructured interviews focused on data-sharing behaviors and their influences. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic template analysis based on the COM-B constructs and TDF domains. Results indicated that quantitative data-sharing behaviors were performed differently to qualitative behaviors, which affected the required skills. However, the barriers experienced were similar across all disciplines. These barriers included a lack of time to undertake data-sharing activities, concerns over General Data Protection Regulation/correct deidentification of data, and limited infrastructure. Enablers included researchers’ drive to be seen as open researchers. This identity matters to them for both the good of research and what it signals about them. It is a key enabling factor, potentially driving behavior even in the absence of other factors. Mandating data-sharing activities could encourage more widespread behaviors. However, such mandates need to be both discipline-specific and supported by institutions providing adequate resources.