Spatiotemporal Patterns of Aquatic Product Risks in China Based on Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS

This study investigates the risk classification and spatiotemporal evolution patterns of hazardous substances in Chinese aquatic products. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method was employed to achieve the ranking of hazardous substances and classify their risk levels. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to explore the spatial distribution patterns of the highest-risk and higher-risk substances in Chinese aquatic products. Risk-adjustment factors were employed to allow us to perform dynamic analyses of the risks in aquatic products across different temporal and spatial contexts. The results indicate that the top three hazardous substances in aquatic products were cadmium, enrofloxacin, and total volatile basic nitrogen; their relative proximity values were 0.707, 0.689, and 0.429, respectively. Cadmium, enrofloxacin, furazolidone metabolites, and chloramphenicol exhibited significant global spatial autocorrelation. The spatiotemporal analysis found that risks in aquatic products were higher during summer and autumn, with the maximum risk value reaching 0.92. The integrated application of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and risk-adjusted factors provides a novel perspective for risk assessment. The findings support targeted regulation of high-risk substances in Chinese aquatic products and the optimization of seasonal-regional regulatory approaches. It is recommended that regulatory measures and schemes be adjusted in light of the findings, thus providing a scientific foundation for the safety supervision of aquatic products.