Inhaled Treprostinil: Improvements in Hemodynamics and Quality of Life for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on Dual or Triple Therapy

<b>Background:</b> Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leads to right ventricular failure and death. Inhaled treprostinil, a tricyclic benzindene prostacyclin analog, has become available, but evidence regarding its clinical efficacy and quality-of-life (QoL) benefits-particularly in patients already receiving optimized combination vasodilator therapy-remains limited. <b>Methods:</b> Inhaled treprostinil was introduced to nine patients with PAH already receiving combination therapy with pulmonary vasodilators. Acute hemodynamic effects were assessed during initial right heart catheterization, and long-term effects were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Exercise tolerance was assessed by the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) test and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, while QoL was evaluated using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 (KCCQ-12). <b>Results:</b> Mean pulmonary arterial pressure significantly improved both acutely (48.9 ± 17.8 to 43.7 ± 14.5 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.036) and at 3 months (46.4 ± 16.1 to 39.8 ± 14.1 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.014). Pulmonary vascular resistance tended to decrease, while 6MWD outcomes remained unchanged. QoL improved, with KCCQ-12 overall and clinical summary scores increasing from 59.1 ± 27.4 to 67.1 ± 26.5 and 78.1 ± 26.3 to 87.5 ± 21.2, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Treprostinil inhalation improved hemodynamics and patient-reported outcomes despite prior combination improved hemodynamics and tended to enhance QoL in patients with PAH receiving combination vasodilator therapy.