The Comparative Study of Four Hexachloroplatinate, Tetrachloroaurate, Tetrachlorocuprate, and Tetrabromocuprate Benzyltrimethylammonium Salts: Synthesis, Single-Crystal X-Ray Structures, Non-Classical Synthon Preference, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, a

Four benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) salts were successfully prepared: bis(benzyltrimethylammonium) hexachloroplatinate (1), benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroaurate (2), bis(benzyltrimethylammonium) tetrachlorocuprate (3), and bis(benzyltrimethylammonium) tetrabromocuprate (4) from benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (Triton B). Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the supramolecular architectures were characterized hierarchically. Extended Hirshfeld surface analysis, including enrichment ratio calculations, was performed to evaluate intermolecular interactions. Nonclassical hydrogen bonds, such as C–H…Cl(Br), involving the anions, contribute to the formation of self-assembled architectures. Additional stabilization arises from π…π and Cu–Br…π interactions, particularly in crystals 2 and 4, respectively. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that H…H and C…H/H…C interactions are the dominant contributors in all crystals. According to enrichment ratio calculations, C…H/H…C interactions in 1, 3, and 4; Cl…H/H…Cl in 1 and 3; Cu…H/H…Cu in 3 and 4; and Br…H/H…Br and Br…C/C…Br in 4 are statistically favored in the crystal packing. Halogen bonding Cl…Cl was observed in 1 but does not significantly influence packing. Energy framework calculations indicated that dispersive interactions are favorable in the analyzed crystals. A library of H-bonding supramolecular patterns, including interchangeable synthons, is provided and may guide the rational design of new derivatives with controllable features. Finally, the topology of intermolecular connections and the electronic structure of the benzyltrimethylammonium cation, investigated by quantum-chemical calculations, provide insights into its reactivity.

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Publication Details

Journal
Crystals
Published
2025-12-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15121051
Primary Topic
Crystallography and molecular interactions
Type
article
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The Comparative Study of Four Hexachloroplatinate, Tetrachloroaurate, Tetrachlorocuprate, and Tetrabromocuprate Benzyltrimethylammonium Salts: Synthesis, Single-Crystal X-Ray Structures, Non-Classical Synthon Preference, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, a

Crystals
Crystallography and molecular interactions
article

The Comparative Study of Four Hexachloroplatinate, Tetrachloroaurate, Tetrachlorocuprate, and Tetrabromocuprate Benzyltrimethylammonium Salts: Synthesis, Single-Crystal X-Ray Structures, Non-Classical Synthon Preference, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, a

article en

Abstract

Four benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) salts were successfully prepared: bis(benzyltrimethylammonium) hexachloroplatinate (1), benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroaurate (2), bis(benzyltrimethylammonium) tetrachlorocuprate (3), and bis(benzyltrimethylammonium) tetrabromocuprate (4) from benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (Triton B). Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the supramolecular architectures were characterized hierarchically. Extended Hirshfeld surface analysis, including enrichment ratio calculations, was performed to evaluate intermolecular interactions. Nonclassical hydrogen bonds, such as C–H…Cl(Br), involving the anions, contribute to the formation of self-assembled architectures. Additional stabilization arises from π…π and Cu–Br…π interactions, particularly in crystals 2 and 4, respectively. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that H…H and C…H/H…C interactions are the dominant contributors in all crystals. According to enrichment ratio calculations, C…H/H…C interactions in 1, 3, and 4; Cl…H/H…Cl in 1 and 3; Cu…H/H…Cu in 3 and 4; and Br…H/H…Br and Br…C/C…Br in 4 are statistically favored in the crystal packing. Halogen bonding Cl…Cl was observed in 1 but does not significantly influence packing. Energy framework calculations indicated that dispersive interactions are favorable in the analyzed crystals. A library of H-bonding supramolecular patterns, including interchangeable synthons, is provided and may guide the rational design of new derivatives with controllable features. Finally, the topology of intermolecular connections and the electronic structure of the benzyltrimethylammonium cation, investigated by quantum-chemical calculations, provide insights into its reactivity.

CrystalsVol. 15(12)
Warsaw University of Technology (PL), Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (SK), Lodz University of Technology (PL), University of Łódź (PL), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL), University of Warsaw (PL)
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Crystallography and molecular interactions
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