Comparative Study between the Use versus Non-Use of Magnesium Sulfate in Patient Controlled Analgesia System "PCA" for Postoperative Cesarean Section Pain Management

Background: It is still difficult to achieve post-cesarean section pain satisfaction for women. Improving postoperative pain therapy and making informed decisions about anesthetic method, medication, and dose depend on accurate assessment of post-C-section pain severity. Aim and objectives: To compare the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) during the first 24 hours after a cesarean section in women. The main outcome was the amount of pain experienced at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the procedure. Secondary outcomes included vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions. Subjects and methods: One hundred pregnant women whose caesarean sections are being considered participated in a cross-sectional study. The ladies were split into two groups: Group-1 (Control) that received PCA without magnesium sulfate (n=50) and Group-2 (Mg) that received PCA with magnesium sulphate (n=50). At 1,2,4,8,12, and 24 hours after surgery, patients had pain scores and vaginal bleeding/contracted uterus assessments. This prospective observational study was conducted at El-Sayed Galal and El-Hussein University Hospitals between March 2023 and August 2024. Results: In every time interval, the level of discomfort was noticeably less in group-2 compared to group-1 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Postoperative pain treatment following a caesarean section can be achieved with either PCA alone or PCA plus MgSO4; however, the latter is more effective, particularly for visceral discomfort. Both had a few complications and negative effects when the dosages were adjusted.