Neotectonics of Kabul Block (SE Afghanistan) and surroundings: a new approach based on remote sensing data

This study investigates the active tectonics of the Kabul Block by identifying and mapping fault segments that bound the block and its surroundings, quantifying river stream displacements, characterizing the neotectonic framework, and assessing seismic activity. We used high-resolution imagery from Google Earth Pro, ESRI base maps, and shaded relief maps derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) at 30 and 5 m resolutions. Geological and tectonic maps were employed to analyze sedimentary units intersected by fault traces. Historical earthquake data from Afghanistan’s master catalogues since 734 CE were reviewed. A total of 672 active fault segments were mapped and redefined within the Chaman, Herat, Charikar, Sarobi, and Konar fault zones. An escape wedge structure exists between the Herat and Chaman faults, with southwest-directed motion accommodated by the Charikar fault zone. The Sarobi thrust fault lies within a restraining stepover, where morphotectonic analysis reveals localized uplift, indicating recent tectonic activity.