Antibacterial activity of bromelain extracted from pineapple (Ananas comosus) against Streptococcus mutans

Background: Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, primarily caused by the activity of Streptococcus mutans, a highly cariogenic bacterium capable of producing organic acids and forming robust dental biofilm. Increasing concerns about antibiotic resistance have encouraged the exploration of natural antibacterial alternatives. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) contains bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and proteolytic properties. Bromelain has been reported to inhibit various oral pathogens, including S. mutans, through its ability to degrade structural proteins and interfere with bacterial adhesion mechanisms. Purpose: To determine the antibacterial effectiveness of bromelain in pineapple (Ananas comosus) extract against Streptococcus mutans. Method: by collecting and analyzing scientific articles from major academic databases, focusing on studies assessing bromelain’s antibacterial activity toward S. mutans. Results: Evidence shows that bromelain inhibits S. mutans by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, altering membrane permeability, and reducing biofilm formation. Multiple studies reported measurable inhibition zones at varying concentrations, confirming dose-dependent antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Bromelain from pineapple extract demonstrates significant antibacterial potential against Streptococcus mutans and may serve as a natural alternative for caries prevention.