Translational Potential of Plant-Derived Therapeutics in Combating Helicobacter Pylori and Antibiotic Resistance

This review highlights the potential of plant-derived natural products in combating Helicobacter pylori infection amid rising antibiotic resistance. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2005–2025), using keywords related to natural products, phytochemicals, and anti-H. pylori activity. Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations addressing antibacterial, anti-adhesion, anti-virulence, and anti-inflammatory effects. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and volatile oils demonstrated multi-targeted actions, including urease inhibition, suppression of adhesion and motility, downregulation of virulence factors (CagA, VacA), membrane disruption, and immune modulation. Several compounds enhance antibiotic efficacy, reducing resistance. Clinical studies on agents such as Nigella sativa, licorice, broccoli sprouts, and curcumin showed improved eradication rates, reduced oxidative stress, and symptom relief. Plant-based natural products represent promising adjuncts to conventional therapies. Further well-designed clinical trials and advanced delivery systems are needed to establish their clinical utility.