Studying characterization, synthesis, and properties of heterocyclic compounds produced from (triazole) derivatives: biological activity and toxicity

Through the modification of the antibiotic triazole, novel heterocyclic compounds with a 1,2,4-triazole moiety were created and made. Their structures were determined through physical properties, FTIR, and 1H-NMR measurements, as well as melting point measurements. Dixon's up-and-down method was utilized to determine the LD50 value of novel chemicals to assess their toxicity. Tests were conducted at a concentration of (200–500) mg/mL to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these derivatives against gram positive and negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other fungi like Candida albicans. Among heterocyclic compounds with three nitrogen heteroatoms, the 1,2,4-triazoles are a popular structural motif that has attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community and medical applications. The 1,2,4-triazole moiety is widely used in organic synthesis, chemical biology, polymer chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and drug development, despite not being found in nature. Consequently, developing a clear-cut and uncomplicated method for the synthesis of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazoles is crucial. The results demonstrated that all these compounds have good antibacterial and antifungal activities when compared to standard antibiotics. Ultimately, tests were conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of each generated molecule, demonstrating varied degrees of activity.