Democratic resilience in Europe – and its limits

The article applies the concept of democratic resilience to recent political developments in Europe. In line with core definitions of the concept, we distinguish between ways in which European democracy has resisted crises and threats, on the one hand, and deeper democratic renewal, on the other hand. In each of these categories, we assess institutional, societal and transnational resilience. Disaggregating resilience in this manner helps pinpoint both the achievements and limitations of European democratic resilience.