FlowGRN: Scalable and Dropout-Robust Gene Regulatory Network Inference via Flow Matching-Based Trajectory Reconstruction

Inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data offers insights into cellular behavior, but is complicated by the lack of temporal information and the prevalence of dropout noise. To address these challenges, we present FlowGRN, a method that integrates conditional flow matching and score matching for robust cell-level trajectory reconstruction with dynGENIE3 for scalable GRN inference. FlowGRN incorporates a novel cell similarity measure that is resilient to dropout effects in high-dimensional scRNA-seq data. Evaluation on the BEELINE benchmark demonstrates that FlowGRN achieves state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic and experimental datasets. Ablation studies validate the importance of both the dropout-robust similarity measure and the trajectory reconstruction step, highlighting FlowGRN's ability to accurately model regulatory relationships.