Nanoengineered Green Concrete: Bridging Material Science and Environmental Performance

The construction industry is increasingly turning to green concrete as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials. This paper reviews recent developments in sustainable concrete, focusing on the role of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), nanomaterials, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. SCMs such as fly ash and silica fume, particularly when combined with nanomaterials like nano-silica or carbon nanotubes, enhance the mechanical strength, durability, and environmental performance of concrete. These innovations not only reduce CO₂ emissions but also enable the reuse of industrial by-products, contributing to a more circular economy. Additionally, MD simulations offer deeper insight into the micro- and nanoscale behavior of cementitious materials, helping researchers understand key factors such as ion transport, thermal conductivity, and mechanical performance. This comprehensive review highlights how the integration of SCMs, nanotechnology, and computational modeling can significantly advance green concrete innovation. It also underscores the need for continued research to address scalability, cost, and long-term durability in practical applications. Overall, this paper aims to guide future strategies for developing eco-friendly, high- performance concrete that meets modern construction demands while supporting sustainability goals.