Optimizing Growth, Yield, and Iron (Fe) Content of Red Spinach Using Livestock Urine-Based Liquid Organic Fertilizer

This study aims to determine the effect of livestock urine utilization on increasing production and iron (Fe) levels in red spinach plants. This study was conducted in January - April 2024, at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of Malang. The design used was a factorial randomized block design of two treatment factors, the first factor was liquid organic fertilizer (POC) consisting of 3 levels, namely: (rabbit urine, cow urine and goat urine) and concentration (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml L-1). Observation parameters consisted of growth, yield and iron levels in red spinach. Research data were analyzed with using analysis of variance (F test 5%) it was continued with the Tukey test at the 5% level. Rabbit urine POC 150 ml L-1 showed the best growth and results compared to other treatments with an optimum total wet weight of 502.33 g pot-1 and an economic fresh weight of 457.00 g pot-1. The administration of POC and its concentration increased growth (26.41% - 76.61%), production (19.88% - 63.04%), and Fe content (42.49% - 67.87%). Treatment with rabbit urine POC at a concentration of 150 ml L-1 (P1U3) showed the best results compared to other treatments.