The G20 Contribution to Strengthening International Cooperation for Sustainable Food and Energy Systems

The G20 occupies a central position in addressing the pressing challenges of global food and energy systems. Rising temperatures, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical conflicts have intensified these crises, disproportionately affected low-income populations and developed countries. This study investigates the G20’s role in advancing sustainable and resilient systems, with a focus on climate-resilient agriculture, energy diversification, and the reduction of fossil fuel dependence. Employing policy discourse analysis of G20 communiqués, working group reports, and related international frameworks, the research identifies both achievements and persistent shortcomings. The findings indicate that, while the G20 has improved policy coordination and fostered multilateral initiatives, implementation remains uneven and access to resources is unequal. The study argues that stronger accountability mechanisms, enhanced technology transfer, and broader engagement with non-G20 actors are essential to improving the forum’s effectiveness. The policy implications underscore the need for the G20 to move beyond declarative commitments toward inclusive and action-oriented measures that can reinforce global food and energy security while supporting sustainable development and climate resilience.