From Paradise to Hell: The Battle of Nickel Resources in Raja Ampat

Raja Ampat is known as one of the world’s largest biodiversity centers. However, nickel mining is now threatened by expansion, fueled by the increasing global demand for electric vehicles. With the largest nickel reserves, Indonesia has attracted foreign investment mainly from China. This study analyzes how such investments bridge the gap in Indonesia’s natural resource governance, especially when mining permits are granted in conservation zone areas. Through a qualitative case study of PT Anugerah Surya Pratama (ASP) on the island of Kawe, this study uses policy documents, court decisions, NGO reports, and mass media reports. The results of these findings show that weak law enforcement, inconsistent institutional coordination, and the application of the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) principle, which is only symbolic in nature, cause environmental damage and marginalize the rights of indigenous peoples. The study concludes that stronger ecological protection, recognition of indigenous peoples’ sovereignty, and alignment of investment policies with conservation commitments are essential.