Mycorrhiza: The Importance of This Hidden Network

Mycorrhizal symbiosis represents a mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots which significantly impacts terrestrial ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant nutrient acquisition, especially phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). In contrast, plants hand over carbon (C) from photosynthesis, making mycorrhizal fungi relevant in P, N and C cycling in forest ecosystems. Furthermore, they can improve soil health, water absorption, and plant defense against environmental stress. Besides nutrient exchange, mycorrhizal symbiosis facilitates plant communication, creating a hidden underground mycorrhizal network, known as common mycorrhizal network (CMN). Arbuscular mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae, together with ericoid mycorrhizae, are the most geographically widespread mycorrhizal types, colonizing over 85% of vascular plants in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding mycorrhizal dynamics can be useful for improving forestry, agriculture and climate change mitigation activities. This review paper analyzes the mechanisms and benefits of mycorrhiza.