Blood transcriptome of type 1 diabetes: Characterization of specific profiles

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition marked by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, which leads to insulin deficiency and a multitude of serious metabolic complications. Transcriptomic analyses allow us to determine the characteristic expression profiles of this pathology. This study is based on the RNA-seq data from peripheral blood of 39 T1D individuals and 43 healthy controls from the GSE123658 dataset. Differential analysis identified highly regulated genes (padj < 0.05). The IFIT3, PIP4P1, C6orf136, and SH3D21 genes show overexpression and are associated with immune mechanisms, while TRMT10C, involved in metabolic processes and cell cycle control, is underexpressed. These transcriptomic signatures can serve as early predictive biomarkers for T1D, useful for identifying at-risk patients and for characterising new therapeutic targets. DT1 is associated with specific blood transcriptomic profiles, reflecting early immune activation and regulation of metabolic genes, paving the way for the characterization of biomarkers and a better understanding of its pathogenesis.