Eenvoudige aanmaak van hoogperformante ultrafiltratiemembranen met nauwe poriën voor duurzame beheersing van textielafvalwater

In recent years, the rapid expansion of the textile industry has led to a substantial surge in highly-saline textile wastewater discharge, exerting unprecedented pressure on environmental management systems. The direct release of highly-saline textile wastewater, which contains high concentrations of inorganic salts and toxic dyes, not only severely disrupts ecosystem stability but also poses a significant threat to human health. Conventional treatment methods, such as adsorption, coagulation, chemical oxidation and biological treatment, primarily focus on the elimination of contaminants while neglecting the potential reuse of valuable resources (e.g., dyestuffs, inorganic salts). Membrane separation technology, particularly advanced tight ultrafiltration membrane, has shown great potential in the precise fractionation of dyes and inorganic salts because of their well-suited pore structure, offering a promising solution for the sustainable recovery of high value-added products from textile wastewater. In this thesis, three high-performance tight ultrafiltration membranes with enhanced selectivity and antifouling properties were developed using simple IP and surface deposition strategies with green and low-cost monomers. First, polypeptide-based membranes were prepared via interfacial polymerization of &epsilon;-polylysine (&epsilon;-pl) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). These membranes exhibited exceptional dye/salt fractionation performance (e.g., >99.80% dye rejection and <3.35% salt rejection) alongside notable antibacterial properties and long-term operational stability. Second, a novel metal-monophenol coordination network was introduced as the selective layer, employing ferric ions (Fe³⁺) and vanillic acid (VA). The resulting non-polyamide membranes demonstrated superior hydrophilicity, precise pore structure control, and excellent dye/salt selectivity (>99.8% dye rejection, <4.8% salt rejection), combined with enhanced fouling resistance. Finally, dual-functional membranes were developed by assembling aminoquinone networks (AQN) composed of vanillic acid and &epsilon;-polylysine. These membranes achieved high dye rejection (>98.5%), low salt rejection (<3.56%), and significant antibacterial performance. In summary, this thesis offers valuable insights into the design of advanced, green, and multifunctional tight ultrafiltration membranes for the sustainable management and resource recovery of highly-saline organic wastewater, providing theoretical and technical foundations for their practical industrial application.