Exploring patient and therapist experiences with real-time telerehabilitation for musculoskeletal conditions : a rapid review

Telerehabilitation (TR) leverages telecommunication networks to deliver rehabilitation services and optimize functioning while reducing disability. This approach has gained recognition due to technological advancements and the need for innovative care delivery, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among its applications, synchronous TR using real-time videoconferencing has shown promise for musculoskeletal disorders, which are the second leading cause of global disability. Despite growing acceptance among patients and clinicians, the optimal design of TR service packages remains underexplored, particularly for exercise therapy in blended or synchronous models. In this ongoing study, we aim to analyze the experiences and needs of patients with musculoskeletal conditions and their treating physical or occupational therapists regarding the delivery of exercise therapy via real-time videoconferencing in various TR modalities. A rapid review approach was adopted, leveraging its efficiency to provide timely, practical insights while maintaining scientific rigor. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF). We follow the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines for rapid reviews. We conducted literature searches across Medline (OVID), CINAHL (OVID), AMED (OVID), and the Cochrane Library using a predefined Boolean strategy. Eligibility for including studies was determined using the PICOS framework, and studies were screened for relevance to musculoskeletal conditions, videoconferencing-based exercise therapy, and associated patient and therapist experiences. In this ongoing study, we currently have conducted title and abstract screening for 2,144 studies (after removal of 755 duplicates). After initial calibration and independent dual screening, conflicts were resolved collaboratively or by a third reviewer. We are currently in the process of screening 115 full text articles. Further results will be presented at Rehab Week in May 2025.