Integration Of Technology Readiness And Acceptance Model To Analyze The Use Of E-Learning In Indonesia

This research seeks to analyse the level of e-learning acceptance and use in Indonesia by integrating the concepts of Technology Readiness and the Technology Acceptance Model (TRAM). The research seeks to understand how technological preparedness and user attitudes influence the use of online learning systems in higher education. A quantitative approach was employed by distributing questionnaires to students representing multiple universities in Indonesia. Data gathered in this study were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 to analyse the connections among constructs within the model. The findings indicate that e-learning acceptance in Indonesia is shaped by technological readiness and positive perceptions of system usefulness and ease of use. In contrast, discomfort and insecurity show no significant effect, suggesting that psychological barriers are not the main obstacles to adoption. These results highlight the importance of improving digital literacy, providing institutional support, and developing more adaptive e-learning systems to enhance the effectiveness and acceptance of online learning among Indonesian students.