Social perspectives on alternative water systems for new housing: a Q methodology study

The multidimensional challenges facing water systems require fundamental changes in water management. Countries with centralized water infrastructures are exploring sustainable drainage systems, advanced water-efficiency measures, and water recycling. However, research is needed to better understand how public support and resistance may emerge as these options become more commonplace. This article reports on the findings of a mixed-methods study that explored people’s priorities for future water and housing in England and Wales. The study examined the relative importance of water issues and other social and environmental challenges to understand implications for developing housing that incorporates alternative water systems. The findings show that no single public perspective exists on the future of water and housing. While we found broad support for alternative water infrastructures, this is accompanied by concerns about water governance and how new housing developments will address wider social (e.g., loneliness) and environmental problems (e.g., biodiversity loss). Trust in both technology and institutions is vital, and we analyze how trust intersects with proposals for fundamental changes in water management. Scientific, professional, and policy communities increasingly advocate for systemic changes to water infrastructures and related community and professional practices. This article demonstrates the need to recognize these different perspectives on water futures and develop solutions that acknowledge not only the diversity of physical environments, but also public perspectives and practices.