Towards tailored surface topographies

Funding Information: This work was funded by the European Union through the project EXBRINER—HORIZON-MSCA-DN-2021, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101072449 DOI 10.3030/101072449. This work was also financed by national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the scope of the project UID/50006/2023 of the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - LAQV REQUIMTE. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr H.M. Saif (NOVA FCT, Portugal) for constructing the cells used to measure membranes' permselectivity and electrical resistance and Prof. Vitor Alves (ISA, Portugal) for providing support to analyse the mechanical properties of the membranes. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)