Визначення Ki-67 та CA 15-3 як потенційних біомаркерів при раку молочної залози та цукровому діабеті 2-го типу

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. Ki-67 is a nuclear protein that serves as a key marker for cellular proliferation. The expression of this marker during all active phases of the cell cycle, expressed as the percentage of positively stained tumor cells, provides valuable prognostic and predictive information in BC. CA 15-3 is a circulating tumor marker which is primarily associated with BC. It is a soluble form of the MUC1 glycoprotein, which is overexpressed and shed into the bloodstream by malignant breast epithelial cells.The objective: to study the impact of hyperglycemia on the blood concentrations of tumor markers Ki-67 and CA 15-3 and the role of these biomarkers in women with BC and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and methods. The study included 100 women who were divided into three groups. 1 group included 32 women with T2DM and BC, 2 group included 34 women with BC, and 3 group (control group) – 34 healthy women. The levels of tumor markers (CA 15-3 and Ki-67), body mass index, age, stage of cancer, duration of T2DM, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were estimated in the three groups.Results. The serum levels of Ki-67 and CA 15-3 in women with T2DM and BC were significantly higher than those in women with BC (p < 0.0001), serum Ki-67 level was significantly higher in women with T2DM than in the control group in contrast, and the level of HbA1c was significantly higher in women with T2DM and BC more than BC women and control group.Conclusions. Women with T2DM have a higher risk of BC development than women without diabetes therefore estimating the level of tumor markers Ki-67 and CA 15-3 can be used as diagnostic biomarkers in women with T2DM represents a promising strategy for improving cancer treatment outcomes.