Історичні віхи української логопедії: від витоків до сучасності

The study aims to conduct a historical and pedagogical analysis of the formation and development of speech therapy in Ukraine, considering sociocultural changes, transformations in the education system, and the influence of international experience. The focus is on identifying key stages of institutional development of speech therapy as a scientific field and a direction of professional training, as well as outlining current trends in speech therapy practice. The methodological foundation of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systemicity, and interdisciplinarity, which allow the study of speech therapy as a complex phenomenon at the intersection of medicine, psychology, and pedagogy. The study applies a set of scientific methods, including historical-comparative and structural-functional analysis, and the analysis of legal documents and scientific publications by Ukrainian researchers in special pedagogy. The source base includes archival materials, educational programs, scientific works, statistical reports, and chronological reviews of the development of defectological education in Ukraine. As a result of the study, the main periods of development of speech therapy in Ukraine were identified: from antiquity to the early 20th century, the Soviet period (1920–1991), and the independent Ukrainian stage (from 1991 to the present) - the contributions of key figures, such as I. Sikorsky, I. Dyomina, E. Sobotovych, and O.Gopichenko, to the formation of theoretical and methodological foundations of speech therapy are characterized. The institutionalization of speech therapy education is analyzed, including establishing speech therapy departments in pedagogical universities, creating speech therapy laboratories within the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, and developing specialized educational programs. The role of international cooperation, particularly the integration into the European educational space, in transforming Ukrainian speech therapy and rethinking the speech therapist’s professional identity is emphasized. The historical development of speech therapy in Ukraine demonstrates its gradual formation as an independent scientific and practical field. From empirical forms of assistance to a modern system of scientifically grounded speech therapy education and practice, this evolution has been shaped by numerous challenges, social demands, and interdisciplinary efforts. Contemporary Ukrainian speech therapy is actively aligned with European standards, implementing innovative approaches to diagnosing and correcting speech disorders, and ensuring a high level of professional training. The study of the historical foundations of speech therapy enables a deeper understanding of the accumulated experience and its application in strategic planning to further develop speech therapy in the context of modern societal challenges