Protection of Family Rights: National and International Legal Aspects in the Context of Digital Transformation

The aim of the study was to identify the effectiveness of digital and procedural mechanisms for the protection of family rights in four countries (Ukraine, Poland, Germany, and Italy), taking into account the influence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) practice and the provisions of private international law. It was found that a full-fledged online marriage registration functions only in Ukraine through the Diia platform, which has legal force, while in Germany, Poland, and Italy digital services are limited to the preliminary submission of applications without legal completion of the procedure. In the field of protection of family rights, the average time for considering cases in simplified proceedings is from 60 to 120 days, and the scope of judicial control varies significantly: from minimal in Ukraine to strict in Germany. The comparative analysis showed that mediation is mandatory in family disputes in Germany and Italy, partially regulated in Poland and voluntary in Ukraine, which affects the speed and quality of reaching an agreement between the parties. The practical significance is determined by the development of proposals for harmonizing approaches to digital interaction, procedural simplification and taking into account the specifics of mobile categories of persons in national legislation.