Comparison of Active Learning and Traditional Lecture method in developing Biology practical skills on learners: A case study of Mukinge Girls Secondary School, Zambia

This study compares the impact of two active learning methods; Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Project-Oriented Learning (POL) versus the Traditional Lecture (TL) method on learners' ability to differentiate between monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on their morphological and anatomical characteristics. The research used a quasi-experimental design involving 150 students, divided into three groups: two experimental groups subjected to active learning methods and a control group exposed to traditional lectures. The study used mixed research methods to assess the effectiveness of these teaching strategies. Pre and post-test scores were employed to evaluate learners' improvements and observational techniques were employed to analyse classroom engagement and the development of scientific skills. The results indicate that both active learning methods significantly enhanced learner engagement, understanding, and the application of scientific concepts. The PBL and POL groups demonstrated superior critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving skills, with the POL group showing the highest improvement in project management and creative thinking. By contrast, the TL group exhibited moderate improvements, primarily in memorization rather than conceptual understanding. These findings support the growing body of literature that advocates for active learning as an effective alternative to traditional teaching methods in science education. Keywords: Active Learning, Problem-Based Learning, Project-Oriented Learning, Traditional Lecture, Monocots, Dicots. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/16-11-20 Publication date: October 30th 2025